C
Capacità giuridica (noun) Capacity to have rights. It is the capacity to be holder of legal rights and obligations. It is complimented by “Capacita di agire” below.
Capacità di agire: (noun) Capacity to exercise rights. It is the capacity to acquire and to exercise subjective rights and to take on obligations; it is therefore the aptitude to create, modify or to extinguish one or more legal relationships. It is a necessary element of contract formation.
Capitale: (noun) Capital.
Capitale Social: (noun) It is the amount, determined by law, necessary to find the enterprise. It also represents the par value of the corporation.
Carico: (noun) Duty
Cartolarizzazione: (noun) Securitization. It is the process of combining several financial instruments into another financial instrument. For example, a pool of home mortgages can be securitized and divided into tiers or tranches to be resold. The process tends to create more liquid markets for the original securities.
Carenza: (noun) Deficiency.
Cassa: (noun) A moneybox or till. It is common for a savings bank to describe itself as a cassa.
Cassaforte: (noun) Safe or strong box.
Cassa Positiva: (noun) Financial surplus.
Catasto: (noun) Land Register. It is a general list of all property (land or real estate) that determines the consistency and the income of property through its description, measurement and estimation.
Causa: (noun) Cause or object. Each binding contract under the Italian Civil Code must have a causa. However, no consideration is required to make a binding contract as under United States or English common law.
Cerezza: (noun) Guanantee.
Cerezza del dirirro: (noun) Legal certainty. It is also used to refer to an Italian principle of jurispuridence which posits that there must be one unequivocal interpretation of a law.
Cessazione: (noun) Termination
Cessione d’azienda: (noun) Business sales or transfers
Circolazione: (noun) Circulation.
Circondario. (noun) District that is the territorial area marking the competence of an ordinary Court.
Clausola: (noun) Clause
Coalizione di Governo: (noun) Government Coalition. In Italy, no party controls a majority of parliament on its own due to the multi-party system in place. Therefore, it is a coalition of Parties that, taken together, which form an absolute majority in Parliament.
Codice: (noun) Code. It is a systematic and organized set of laws relating to the same subject or sector (for example: Civil Code, Penal Code, etc.).
Codice Civile: (noun) The Civil Code. It is full body of the Italian law. It is akin to the USC as a collection of all national law. However, it is much more important because there is, in theory, no case law augmenting it as there is in the common law system.
Codificazione. (noun) Codification. It is the process of constructing an ordered and coherent system of norms and regulations in a particular field.
Coindagato: (noun) Co-defendant. This describes one of two or more parties who is a defendant in a criminal trial or civil proceding.
Coinvolto: (adj) Involved
Collocamento Privato: (noun) Private Placement. It is an offering of securities which is not subject to registration with CONSOB because it is made only to accredited investors.
Come e noto: (phrase) It means “As it is known…”. This commonly precedes a statement of accepted facts in a letter between attorneys.
Comitato Regionale di Controllo: (noun) CO.RE.CO or Regional Inspection Committee. It is a regional body, regulated by State Law, which inspects the legitimacy of Provincial and Communal acts in Italy. This concept may seem strange to an American accustomed to multi-layered sovereignty within the U.S. legal system.
Commissione europea: (noun) European Commission. It is the executive body of the European Union (E.U. It is responsible for implementing Community acts and treaties.
Compenso: (noun) Compensation
Competenza: (noun) Competence or Domain. (ex: Era nella competenza del'amministratore unico)
Compravendita: (noun) There are three uses for this term, all of which can be used in a corporate law setting. First, it can generally be used to describe trading. Second, it is a type of contract for a business acquisition. Third, it is used to describe a but-sell agreement between partners that takes effect at the retirement or death of a partner.
Comune: (noun) A city, town, or borough in the United States. It is a territorially defined public body headed by a Mayor elected directly by the citizens of that terroritoy. An example is the comune di Firenze or the comune di Milano.
Concorrenza: (noun) Competition (ex: Ford batte la concorrenza il anno scorso)
Condotta: (noun) Conduct
Conferenza permanente tra Stato e Regioni: (noun) Permanent Conference between State and Regions. This is another body that has a consultation and coordination role with respect to general policies (barring foreign policy) between layers of Italian government.
Conferenza Stato-Città: (noun) State-City Conference. It is a body with a coordinating and consulting role between the State and local governments. The idea is that the local governments, lacking resources, can draw on the expertise of the larger body for assistance in overcoming difficult problems.
Conferimento in natura: (noun) In-kind deposit of assets into a business.
Confermare: (verb) To confirm
Confermata: (adj) Confirmed
Congruo: (adj) Reasonable. It is a term used often to describe a valuation or a settlement.
Consideration: (noun) Consideration is a required element of a contract in common law jurisdictions (i.e. USA or England). However, it is not a requirement under the Italian Civil Code for a binding contract. See "causa" above for additional information concerning contract formation under Italian law.
Consigliere: (noun) Counselor. This is a term used to describe a attorney or other professional in the role of counselor.
Consigli giudiziari: (noun) Judicial Councils. These courts have an administrative character. They are responsible for all magistrate courts within the District.
Consiglio comunale: (noun) Communal or City Council. It is the highest institutional body of the commune or city. It has duties of policy and of political-administrative control.
Consiglio dell’Unione Europea: (noun) Council of the European Union. European Community which is responsible for the creation of union’s legal acts and treaties. Its presidency is assigned on a six-month in rotation to each Member-State of the European Union.
Consiglio di Administrazione: (noun) Corporate Board or Board of Directors.
Consiglio di gabinetto: (noun) Cabinet Council or Cabinet. This political body assists the Prime Minister and the Vice-Prime Minister in their political activity.
Consiglio di Sorveglianza: (noun) Supervisory Board of a corporation.
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche: (noun) C.N.R. or National Research Council. It is national research organization with general scientific competence. It carries out activities for the promotion of science and the progress of the Country. The CNR has the legal status of a public organization and maintains autonomous rules and regulations.
Consiglio notarile: (noun) Notarial Council. It is established in each Notarial District to provide oversight of the notarial profession in the district. It is a vital role because of the responsibilities notaries have within the Italian legal system.
Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Avvocati: (noun) Bar Association Council. It is established in each Court District. It performs tasks related to professional control and advancement.
Consiglio provincial: (noun) Provincial Council. It is a representative body that has a political-administrative inspection role in the given Province.
Consiglio regionale: (noun) Regional Council. It is the highest deliberative and representative organ of the Region.
Consiglio di Stato: (noun) Council of State. It is a body with jurisdictional and consultative function in the administrative sphere. It speaks on all public administration matters through “opinions”. As a jurisdictional organ, it is competent to re-examine the judgments pronounced by the Regional Administrative Tribunals.
Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura: (noun) C.S.M. or Superior Council of the Magistracy. It is a body provided for under the Italian Constitution. It issues orders for the appointment, assignment, transfer and promotion of magistrates (judges and public prosecutors). It is made up of the President of the Italian Republic (acting as its Chairman), by the first President of the Court of Cassation, and by the Court of Cassation’s Public Prosecutor. There are also thirty elected members holding office for four years: two thirds are ordinary magistrates and one third are full professors in Law and lawyers with 15 years of practice.
CONSOB: (noun) Commissione Nazionale per la Societa e la Borsa. This is the Italian equivalent of the SEC.
Consolidato: (adj) Consolidated. It is often used to describe a document. (ex: Lui vuole un bilancio consolidato domani mattini)
Consuetudine: (noun) Custom. It is a source of law in Italy’s Civil Law system that consists of a behavior, conforming to the Law, which is kept in a constant and uniform way by the citizens.
Consulente: (noun) consultant.
Consulenza: (noun) Advice
Conto: (noun) Account. (Ex: “Conti correnti” are the “current accounts”)
Contrattare: (verb) To negotiate
Contratto: (noun) Contract
Contratto Squilibrato: (noun) An unequal contract that legally unenforceable.
Contratto termine: (noun) It is a term contract. It is an Italian term for a repurchase agreement.
Controversia: (noun) Controversy
Constituzione: (noun) Constitution. It is the fundamental law of the Italian Republic that sanctions the fundamental principles, the duties, and the rights of citizens. It also regulates the State organization through power limitations. It was written in 1947 after the Italian people elected to replace its monarchy with a republican form of government in 1946.
Corrispettivo: (noun) Consideration. This is what is offered in support of a contract.
Corte Costituzionale: (noun) Constitutional Court. It is provided for by the Italian Constitution to adjudicate on the constitutionality of laws, to adjudicate on conflicts between State Powers, and to adjudicate between the State and Regions or between different Regions. The Court is made up of fifteen judges holding office for nine years.
Corte d’Appello: (noun) Court of Appeal. It is a body forming part of the ordinary civil and criminal Court system in Italy. The court is made up of three judges as is often the case in the United States). It represents the second level of the judicial system by listening to appeals from decisions of the tribunale. It has territorial jurisdiction.
Corte d’Assise: (noun) Court of Assizes. It is a court with ordinary jurisdiction in criminal matters with competence to try a number of serious offences at first instance. It is made up of a President (a judge qualified for the Court of Appeal), a judge qualified for an ordinary Court, and six jurors.
Corte dei Conti: (noun) Court of Accounts. It is a body created under the Italian Constitution (articles No. 100 and 103). It is responsible for checking the legitimacy of the activities of the Government and of the Public Administration. It is also responsible for checking the management of the accounts of the State, of the Public Administrations generally and of the bodies subsidized by the State. It’s role is similar to that of a state auditor.
Corte di Cassazione: (noun) Supreme Court of Cassation. This is Italy’s Supreme Court. It is entrusted with ensuring the precise observance and uniform interpretation of the law. It hears appeals both in civil and criminal matters against decisions reached by lower Courts but only on points of law. Its offices are in Rome and it has jurisdiction over the whole territory of the Italian Republic.
Costituzione: (noun) The process of incorporation
Contretto: (adj) Forced
Crescere: (verb) To Grow (Ex: Crescere dimensionalmente)
Cruciale: (adj) Crucial
Capacità di agire: (noun) Capacity to exercise rights. It is the capacity to acquire and to exercise subjective rights and to take on obligations; it is therefore the aptitude to create, modify or to extinguish one or more legal relationships. It is a necessary element of contract formation.
Capitale: (noun) Capital.
Capitale Social: (noun) It is the amount, determined by law, necessary to find the enterprise. It also represents the par value of the corporation.
Carico: (noun) Duty
Cartolarizzazione: (noun) Securitization. It is the process of combining several financial instruments into another financial instrument. For example, a pool of home mortgages can be securitized and divided into tiers or tranches to be resold. The process tends to create more liquid markets for the original securities.
Carenza: (noun) Deficiency.
Cassa: (noun) A moneybox or till. It is common for a savings bank to describe itself as a cassa.
Cassaforte: (noun) Safe or strong box.
Cassa Positiva: (noun) Financial surplus.
Catasto: (noun) Land Register. It is a general list of all property (land or real estate) that determines the consistency and the income of property through its description, measurement and estimation.
Causa: (noun) Cause or object. Each binding contract under the Italian Civil Code must have a causa. However, no consideration is required to make a binding contract as under United States or English common law.
Cerezza: (noun) Guanantee.
Cerezza del dirirro: (noun) Legal certainty. It is also used to refer to an Italian principle of jurispuridence which posits that there must be one unequivocal interpretation of a law.
Cessazione: (noun) Termination
Cessione d’azienda: (noun) Business sales or transfers
Circolazione: (noun) Circulation.
Circondario. (noun) District that is the territorial area marking the competence of an ordinary Court.
Clausola: (noun) Clause
Coalizione di Governo: (noun) Government Coalition. In Italy, no party controls a majority of parliament on its own due to the multi-party system in place. Therefore, it is a coalition of Parties that, taken together, which form an absolute majority in Parliament.
Codice: (noun) Code. It is a systematic and organized set of laws relating to the same subject or sector (for example: Civil Code, Penal Code, etc.).
Codice Civile: (noun) The Civil Code. It is full body of the Italian law. It is akin to the USC as a collection of all national law. However, it is much more important because there is, in theory, no case law augmenting it as there is in the common law system.
Codificazione. (noun) Codification. It is the process of constructing an ordered and coherent system of norms and regulations in a particular field.
Coindagato: (noun) Co-defendant. This describes one of two or more parties who is a defendant in a criminal trial or civil proceding.
Coinvolto: (adj) Involved
Collocamento Privato: (noun) Private Placement. It is an offering of securities which is not subject to registration with CONSOB because it is made only to accredited investors.
Come e noto: (phrase) It means “As it is known…”. This commonly precedes a statement of accepted facts in a letter between attorneys.
Comitato Regionale di Controllo: (noun) CO.RE.CO or Regional Inspection Committee. It is a regional body, regulated by State Law, which inspects the legitimacy of Provincial and Communal acts in Italy. This concept may seem strange to an American accustomed to multi-layered sovereignty within the U.S. legal system.
Commissione europea: (noun) European Commission. It is the executive body of the European Union (E.U. It is responsible for implementing Community acts and treaties.
Compenso: (noun) Compensation
Competenza: (noun) Competence or Domain. (ex: Era nella competenza del'amministratore unico)
Compravendita: (noun) There are three uses for this term, all of which can be used in a corporate law setting. First, it can generally be used to describe trading. Second, it is a type of contract for a business acquisition. Third, it is used to describe a but-sell agreement between partners that takes effect at the retirement or death of a partner.
Comune: (noun) A city, town, or borough in the United States. It is a territorially defined public body headed by a Mayor elected directly by the citizens of that terroritoy. An example is the comune di Firenze or the comune di Milano.
Concorrenza: (noun) Competition (ex: Ford batte la concorrenza il anno scorso)
Condotta: (noun) Conduct
Conferenza permanente tra Stato e Regioni: (noun) Permanent Conference between State and Regions. This is another body that has a consultation and coordination role with respect to general policies (barring foreign policy) between layers of Italian government.
Conferenza Stato-Città: (noun) State-City Conference. It is a body with a coordinating and consulting role between the State and local governments. The idea is that the local governments, lacking resources, can draw on the expertise of the larger body for assistance in overcoming difficult problems.
Conferimento in natura: (noun) In-kind deposit of assets into a business.
Confermare: (verb) To confirm
Confermata: (adj) Confirmed
Congruo: (adj) Reasonable. It is a term used often to describe a valuation or a settlement.
Consideration: (noun) Consideration is a required element of a contract in common law jurisdictions (i.e. USA or England). However, it is not a requirement under the Italian Civil Code for a binding contract. See "causa" above for additional information concerning contract formation under Italian law.
Consigliere: (noun) Counselor. This is a term used to describe a attorney or other professional in the role of counselor.
Consigli giudiziari: (noun) Judicial Councils. These courts have an administrative character. They are responsible for all magistrate courts within the District.
Consiglio comunale: (noun) Communal or City Council. It is the highest institutional body of the commune or city. It has duties of policy and of political-administrative control.
Consiglio dell’Unione Europea: (noun) Council of the European Union. European Community which is responsible for the creation of union’s legal acts and treaties. Its presidency is assigned on a six-month in rotation to each Member-State of the European Union.
Consiglio di Administrazione: (noun) Corporate Board or Board of Directors.
Consiglio di gabinetto: (noun) Cabinet Council or Cabinet. This political body assists the Prime Minister and the Vice-Prime Minister in their political activity.
Consiglio di Sorveglianza: (noun) Supervisory Board of a corporation.
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche: (noun) C.N.R. or National Research Council. It is national research organization with general scientific competence. It carries out activities for the promotion of science and the progress of the Country. The CNR has the legal status of a public organization and maintains autonomous rules and regulations.
Consiglio notarile: (noun) Notarial Council. It is established in each Notarial District to provide oversight of the notarial profession in the district. It is a vital role because of the responsibilities notaries have within the Italian legal system.
Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Avvocati: (noun) Bar Association Council. It is established in each Court District. It performs tasks related to professional control and advancement.
Consiglio provincial: (noun) Provincial Council. It is a representative body that has a political-administrative inspection role in the given Province.
Consiglio regionale: (noun) Regional Council. It is the highest deliberative and representative organ of the Region.
Consiglio di Stato: (noun) Council of State. It is a body with jurisdictional and consultative function in the administrative sphere. It speaks on all public administration matters through “opinions”. As a jurisdictional organ, it is competent to re-examine the judgments pronounced by the Regional Administrative Tribunals.
Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura: (noun) C.S.M. or Superior Council of the Magistracy. It is a body provided for under the Italian Constitution. It issues orders for the appointment, assignment, transfer and promotion of magistrates (judges and public prosecutors). It is made up of the President of the Italian Republic (acting as its Chairman), by the first President of the Court of Cassation, and by the Court of Cassation’s Public Prosecutor. There are also thirty elected members holding office for four years: two thirds are ordinary magistrates and one third are full professors in Law and lawyers with 15 years of practice.
CONSOB: (noun) Commissione Nazionale per la Societa e la Borsa. This is the Italian equivalent of the SEC.
Consolidato: (adj) Consolidated. It is often used to describe a document. (ex: Lui vuole un bilancio consolidato domani mattini)
Consuetudine: (noun) Custom. It is a source of law in Italy’s Civil Law system that consists of a behavior, conforming to the Law, which is kept in a constant and uniform way by the citizens.
Consulente: (noun) consultant.
Consulenza: (noun) Advice
Conto: (noun) Account. (Ex: “Conti correnti” are the “current accounts”)
Contrattare: (verb) To negotiate
Contratto: (noun) Contract
Contratto Squilibrato: (noun) An unequal contract that legally unenforceable.
Contratto termine: (noun) It is a term contract. It is an Italian term for a repurchase agreement.
Controversia: (noun) Controversy
Constituzione: (noun) Constitution. It is the fundamental law of the Italian Republic that sanctions the fundamental principles, the duties, and the rights of citizens. It also regulates the State organization through power limitations. It was written in 1947 after the Italian people elected to replace its monarchy with a republican form of government in 1946.
Corrispettivo: (noun) Consideration. This is what is offered in support of a contract.
Corte Costituzionale: (noun) Constitutional Court. It is provided for by the Italian Constitution to adjudicate on the constitutionality of laws, to adjudicate on conflicts between State Powers, and to adjudicate between the State and Regions or between different Regions. The Court is made up of fifteen judges holding office for nine years.
Corte d’Appello: (noun) Court of Appeal. It is a body forming part of the ordinary civil and criminal Court system in Italy. The court is made up of three judges as is often the case in the United States). It represents the second level of the judicial system by listening to appeals from decisions of the tribunale. It has territorial jurisdiction.
Corte d’Assise: (noun) Court of Assizes. It is a court with ordinary jurisdiction in criminal matters with competence to try a number of serious offences at first instance. It is made up of a President (a judge qualified for the Court of Appeal), a judge qualified for an ordinary Court, and six jurors.
Corte dei Conti: (noun) Court of Accounts. It is a body created under the Italian Constitution (articles No. 100 and 103). It is responsible for checking the legitimacy of the activities of the Government and of the Public Administration. It is also responsible for checking the management of the accounts of the State, of the Public Administrations generally and of the bodies subsidized by the State. It’s role is similar to that of a state auditor.
Corte di Cassazione: (noun) Supreme Court of Cassation. This is Italy’s Supreme Court. It is entrusted with ensuring the precise observance and uniform interpretation of the law. It hears appeals both in civil and criminal matters against decisions reached by lower Courts but only on points of law. Its offices are in Rome and it has jurisdiction over the whole territory of the Italian Republic.
Costituzione: (noun) The process of incorporation
Contretto: (adj) Forced
Crescere: (verb) To Grow (Ex: Crescere dimensionalmente)
Cruciale: (adj) Crucial
D
Danni: (noun) Dangers or Problems. This is what an attorney will look for while performing a business transaction for clients.
Debito: (noun) debt (ex: il debito pubblico e troppo grande in Italia e Grecia)
Debito Tributario: (noun) Taxes Payable. It is an item on the “bilancio”.
Decadenza: (noun) Forfeiture.
Declassamento: (noun) Downgrade, as in the credit event. For example, "In caso di declassamento, l'azienda da' pagare la banca molti soldi."
Decreto-Legge: (noun) The decree law is a normative Government act. It is used only for particular and urgent cases. As such, it is only in effect for a period of sixty days from the date of its publication in the “Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica”. They can, of course, be converted into permanent laws by Parliament.
Decreto legislative: (noun) The Legislative Decree is a provision that has the binding force of law. It is adopted by the Government with a deliberation of the Cabinet and it is passed by the President of the Italian Republic on the basis of a delegated law (“legge delega”).
Decreto ministerial: (noun) D. M. or Ministerial Decree. It is a secondary normative act with a solely regulatory purpose that individual Ministers can issue in the context of their Department and by virtue of a law that expressly predisposes it.
Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica: (noun) D. P. R. or Presidential Decree. It is a provision with which the President of the Italian Republic issues acts provided by the Constitution or by Constitutional Law, those relative to the organization of the personnel of the Secretary of the Presidency, as well as all the acts that are expressly listed by the law 13/1991.
Demanio: (noun) State Property. It is the whole of properties of the State, Regions, Provinces and Communes. Its purpose is only to serve the public interest and it is subject to different rules than those that govern private property.
Democrazia diretta: (noun) Direct Democracy. Political concept consisting of the institutions provided by the Constitution through which the people directly exercises their powers. These institutions are popular initiative of bills and laws, right of petition, and the popular referendum.
Deposito Fiduciario: (noun) Escrow. Literally, a fiduciary account.
Deputati: (noun) These are the members of Parliament elected by direct popular vote the lower house of the Italian parliament. Their term lasts for five years.
Deregulation: (noun) The suppression of public regulation. This is particularly relivant to economic regulation where it is argued that deregulation helps entrepreneurs grow the economy.
Derivante: (adj) Dervived
Derivati di coperatura: (noun) Hedging Derivatives.
Derivati Simplici: (noun) Simple derivatives.
Detenuta: (adj) Held (ex: I azioni detenuta nella societa)
Dichiarazioni: (noun) Declarations. Theses are typically found in a contract alongside "garanzie".
Dichiarare: (verb) To declare or state. This term might be used in a contract when a party makes a representation to the counter party.
Differito: (adj) Deferred
Dilazione: (adj) Deferred
Dipendenti: (noun) Employees
Direttiva comunitaria: (noun) Community Directive. In European Community Law, a directive is a legislative instrument that is binding on the Member-States to which it is addressed as regards the result to be obtained, but leaves them free to determine the form and methods. Direttore: (noun) manager (ex: Ero un direttore a un’ azienda bancaria)
Diritto: (noun) Right or Law. Rights might relate to personal liberty or to property. One example of a property "right" is the diritto d'autore, which is an author's right to royalty payments.
Diritto amministrativo: (noun) Administrative Law. It is a branch of the Law that regulates, within the bounds of the Constitution and of the Law, the administrative activity of the State.
Diritto Commericiale: (noun) Commerical Law. This is the area of law in Italy that would be described as “business law” in the United States.
Diritto costituzionale: (noun) Constitutional Law. This consists of the fundamental principles and regulations of the State, citizens and all other community parties. These regulations are contained in the Constitution (see “Costituzione”).
Diritto internazionale: (noun) [International Law]: It is a set of rules on which States regulate their political, economic and social relationships. Amongst International Law sources, international Treaties are of particular importance.
Diritto Penale: (noun) Criminal Law. This term described the law concerning offenses of a person against the state rather than offenses between private parties.
Diritto pubblico: (noun) Public Law. It is a set of regulations that govern the formation, the organization, and the activity of the State and Public Bodies.
Diritto Societario: (noun) A branch of corporate law related to the legal relationships of shareholders.
Disegno di legge: (noun) Draft Bill. It is a text drafted and proposed for the approval of the Senate.
Disoccupazione: (noun) Unemployment (ex: disoccupazione dei giovani e una problema seria)
Disponsibilita Liquide: (noun) Liquid Assets
Disposizioni: (noun) Provisions. These are the rules and guidelines provided in a contract, law, or regulation.
Disposizioni sulla legge in generale o preleggi: (noun) Provisions for law in general. These are the norms that are premises of the Civil Code that regulate the entire Italian legal system. There are two types. The first is concerned with sources of law. The second set is concerned with law application criteria.
Disposizioni transitorie e finali della Costituzione: (noun) Transitional and Final Provisions of the Constitution. These are provisions, marked by Roman numbers, that contain norms that have the same formal value as the Constitution.
Distinti Saluti: (phrase) It means “Very Sincerely Yours” and it is how Italian lawyers sign letters between themselves.
Distretto: (noun) District. It is often used to describe the location in a city where a certain industry is centered. For example, Milano has a distretto di moda and a distretto bancario.
Documentazione: (Noun) Documentation
Documenti: (noun) Documents
Dottore: (noun) Doctor is the literal translation. However, that is extremely misleading. Italians refer to anyone who has graduated from a university with a degree in any field as "Dottore" or "Dotttoressa" in official documents.
Debito: (noun) debt (ex: il debito pubblico e troppo grande in Italia e Grecia)
Debito Tributario: (noun) Taxes Payable. It is an item on the “bilancio”.
Decadenza: (noun) Forfeiture.
Declassamento: (noun) Downgrade, as in the credit event. For example, "In caso di declassamento, l'azienda da' pagare la banca molti soldi."
Decreto-Legge: (noun) The decree law is a normative Government act. It is used only for particular and urgent cases. As such, it is only in effect for a period of sixty days from the date of its publication in the “Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica”. They can, of course, be converted into permanent laws by Parliament.
Decreto legislative: (noun) The Legislative Decree is a provision that has the binding force of law. It is adopted by the Government with a deliberation of the Cabinet and it is passed by the President of the Italian Republic on the basis of a delegated law (“legge delega”).
Decreto ministerial: (noun) D. M. or Ministerial Decree. It is a secondary normative act with a solely regulatory purpose that individual Ministers can issue in the context of their Department and by virtue of a law that expressly predisposes it.
Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica: (noun) D. P. R. or Presidential Decree. It is a provision with which the President of the Italian Republic issues acts provided by the Constitution or by Constitutional Law, those relative to the organization of the personnel of the Secretary of the Presidency, as well as all the acts that are expressly listed by the law 13/1991.
Demanio: (noun) State Property. It is the whole of properties of the State, Regions, Provinces and Communes. Its purpose is only to serve the public interest and it is subject to different rules than those that govern private property.
Democrazia diretta: (noun) Direct Democracy. Political concept consisting of the institutions provided by the Constitution through which the people directly exercises their powers. These institutions are popular initiative of bills and laws, right of petition, and the popular referendum.
Deposito Fiduciario: (noun) Escrow. Literally, a fiduciary account.
Deputati: (noun) These are the members of Parliament elected by direct popular vote the lower house of the Italian parliament. Their term lasts for five years.
Deregulation: (noun) The suppression of public regulation. This is particularly relivant to economic regulation where it is argued that deregulation helps entrepreneurs grow the economy.
Derivante: (adj) Dervived
Derivati di coperatura: (noun) Hedging Derivatives.
Derivati Simplici: (noun) Simple derivatives.
Detenuta: (adj) Held (ex: I azioni detenuta nella societa)
Dichiarazioni: (noun) Declarations. Theses are typically found in a contract alongside "garanzie".
Dichiarare: (verb) To declare or state. This term might be used in a contract when a party makes a representation to the counter party.
Differito: (adj) Deferred
Dilazione: (adj) Deferred
Dipendenti: (noun) Employees
Direttiva comunitaria: (noun) Community Directive. In European Community Law, a directive is a legislative instrument that is binding on the Member-States to which it is addressed as regards the result to be obtained, but leaves them free to determine the form and methods. Direttore: (noun) manager (ex: Ero un direttore a un’ azienda bancaria)
Diritto: (noun) Right or Law. Rights might relate to personal liberty or to property. One example of a property "right" is the diritto d'autore, which is an author's right to royalty payments.
Diritto amministrativo: (noun) Administrative Law. It is a branch of the Law that regulates, within the bounds of the Constitution and of the Law, the administrative activity of the State.
Diritto Commericiale: (noun) Commerical Law. This is the area of law in Italy that would be described as “business law” in the United States.
Diritto costituzionale: (noun) Constitutional Law. This consists of the fundamental principles and regulations of the State, citizens and all other community parties. These regulations are contained in the Constitution (see “Costituzione”).
Diritto internazionale: (noun) [International Law]: It is a set of rules on which States regulate their political, economic and social relationships. Amongst International Law sources, international Treaties are of particular importance.
Diritto Penale: (noun) Criminal Law. This term described the law concerning offenses of a person against the state rather than offenses between private parties.
Diritto pubblico: (noun) Public Law. It is a set of regulations that govern the formation, the organization, and the activity of the State and Public Bodies.
Diritto Societario: (noun) A branch of corporate law related to the legal relationships of shareholders.
Disegno di legge: (noun) Draft Bill. It is a text drafted and proposed for the approval of the Senate.
Disoccupazione: (noun) Unemployment (ex: disoccupazione dei giovani e una problema seria)
Disponsibilita Liquide: (noun) Liquid Assets
Disposizioni: (noun) Provisions. These are the rules and guidelines provided in a contract, law, or regulation.
Disposizioni sulla legge in generale o preleggi: (noun) Provisions for law in general. These are the norms that are premises of the Civil Code that regulate the entire Italian legal system. There are two types. The first is concerned with sources of law. The second set is concerned with law application criteria.
Disposizioni transitorie e finali della Costituzione: (noun) Transitional and Final Provisions of the Constitution. These are provisions, marked by Roman numbers, that contain norms that have the same formal value as the Constitution.
Distinti Saluti: (phrase) It means “Very Sincerely Yours” and it is how Italian lawyers sign letters between themselves.
Distretto: (noun) District. It is often used to describe the location in a city where a certain industry is centered. For example, Milano has a distretto di moda and a distretto bancario.
Documentazione: (Noun) Documentation
Documenti: (noun) Documents
Dottore: (noun) Doctor is the literal translation. However, that is extremely misleading. Italians refer to anyone who has graduated from a university with a degree in any field as "Dottore" or "Dotttoressa" in official documents.